Highlights
- •Exceptionally, NMO and MOG-IgGs do co-exist.
- •In our study population of 1935 patients, dual positivity was recorded in 3.
- •The prevalence of MOG-IgG was substantially higher than NMO-IgG in our study.
Abstract
Background
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD) is an autoimmune syndrome that is
frequently positive for Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) IgG or Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoproteins
(MOG) IgG. However, dual positivity to both is rare.
Objective
To assess the prevalence of dual-positive NMOSD and outline its clinical phenotype.
Design/Methods
This is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary healthcare center
in South Asia between August 2018 and November 2021. The serum and/or CSF samples
of suspected cases of NMOSD were tested for both AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG using an Indirect
immunofluorescence test on transfected cells.
Results
During the study period, 1935 cases of NMOSD were tested for both antibodies- 65 patients
(3.35%; 57 females and 8 males) tested positive for AQP4-IgG, 217 patients (11.21%;
122 females and 95 males) tested positive for MOG-IgG and 3 patients (0.15%; 2 females
and 1 male) showed dual positivity. There was a strong female preponderance in all
three groups (87.69%, 56.22%, and 66.66% respectively).
This study identified 3 patients with dual positivity. The first patient (42 years,
Male) presented with area postrema syndrome initially and subsequently relapsed by
developing right-sided numbness of the temporal area and limbs during which he tested
dual positive. The second patient (27 years, Female) presented with bilateral optic
neuritis (left>right) initially and subsequently relapsed following an episode of
a seizure with left-sided hemiplegia. The third patient (25 years, Female) initially
presented with acute bilateral optic neuritis and later developed left-sided hemiplegia
post-recovery at which point she tested dual positive.
Management using methylprednisolone was ineffective for all three patients, however,
plasmapheresis and/or periodic rituximab injections produced an excellent response.
Conclusions
Our study reports that the prevalence of dual-positive NMOSD is 0.15% and its clinical
phenotype is more similar to NMO rather than MOG- associated disease.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: April 25, 2023
Accepted:
April 24,
2023
Received in revised form:
February 9,
2023
Received:
December 1,
2022
Identification
Copyright
© 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
