Highlights
- •Consumption of 50 and 100 mg/kg royal jelly combined with aerobic training decreased inflammatory indices of IL-17, IL-23, TGF-β and depression and anxiety while increasing IL-10 compared to the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis rats without any intervention.
- •The effect of consuming 100 mg/kg royal jelly combined with aerobic training was highest on decreasing IL-17, IL-23, anxiety and depression and increasing TGF-β, and increasing IL-10 compared to aerobic training separately and combined with the consumption of 50 mg/kg royal jelly.
- •Aerobic training and royal jelly, separately, were effective in improving some inflammatory and regulatory as well as depression and anxiety indices. However, their effects were less than their combination.
Abstract
Background
Although the beneficial role of training and the use of some antioxidants in physiological
and psychological disorders in autoimmune diseases has been reported, the simultaneous
effect of aerobic training (AT) and royal jelly (RJ) with different doses is not well
understood. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of AT and RJ on inflammatory
factors in the hippocampus, as well as depression and anxiety in the experimental
autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
Methods
Sprague-Dawley rats with EAE were assigned to seven groups: (1) EAE without any other
intervention (EAE); (2) sham, receiving normal saline (Sh); (3) 50 mg/kg RJ (RJ50);
(4) 100 mg/kg RJ (RJ100); (5) AT; (6) AT + RJ50; and (7) AT + RJ100. In addition,
a healthy control group was assessed.
Results
EAE significantly increased interleukin 17 (IL-17), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)
gene expression and immobilization time as well as anxiety and depression indices,
and significantly decreased interleukin 10 (IL-10), compared to the control group.
AT decreased significantly IL-17, TGF-β gene expression and immobilization time as
well as anxiety and depression indices, while it significantly increased IL-10, compared
to the EAE group. RJ50 and RJ100 decreased significantly IL-17, IL-23 gene expression,
anxiety and depression indices, and significantly increased IL-10 compared to the
EAE group. AT + RJ50 and AT + RJ100 significantly decreased IL-17, IL-23, and TGF-β
and as well as anxiety and depression indices while significantly increasing IL-10
compared to the EAE group. The effects of AT + RJ100 on significant decreasing IL-17,
IL-23, anxiety and depression and increasing TGF-β, IL-10 were more favorable than
RJ50.
Conclusion
AT and RJ improved inflammatory and regulatory factors of autoimmunity and reduced
anxiety and depression. The RJ combined with AT induced additive effects while using
RJ100 was more favorable than RJ50.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 20, 2023
Accepted:
January 18,
2023
Received in revised form:
January 12,
2023
Received:
December 15,
2022
Identification
Copyright
© 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
