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Review article| Volume 68, 104125, December 2022

Updates on efficacy and safety outcomes of new and emerging disease modifying therapies and stem cell therapy for Multiple Sclerosis: A review

  • Sarah Peterson
    Affiliations
    West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA

    Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA

    Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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  • Amaris Jalil
    Affiliations
    West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA

    Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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  • Katherine Beard
    Affiliations
    West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA

    Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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  • Mihir Kakara
    Affiliations
    Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA

    Depratment of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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  • Author Footnotes
    1 ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6844-3287.
    Shitiz Sriwastava
    Correspondence
    Corresponding author at: Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
    Footnotes
    1 ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6844-3287.
    Affiliations
    West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA

    Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA

    Depratment of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA

    West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA

    Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School (UT Health), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
    Search for articles by this author
  • Author Footnotes
    1 ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6844-3287.
Published:August 31, 2022DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2022.104125
Updates on efficacy and safety outcomes of new and emerging disease modifying therapies and stem cell therapy for Multiple Sclerosis: A review
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      Highlights

      • •
        We provide an outline of current MS medications in the pipeline including emerging DMTs and stem cell therapy.
      • •
        these new therapies could potentially provide an increasing diversity of treatment options for patients in the future.
      • •
        Many of the therapies discussed such as Evobrutinib, vidofludimus, fenebrutinib, and orelabrutinib offer higher selectivity or potency compared to current available treatments, which could improve overall MS patient satisfaction and quality of life due to theoretically fewer adverse side effects and possible improved efficacy.

      Abstract

      Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) and the most common cause of serious physical disability in working-age adults. Drug development and research in this field have rapidly evolved over the past two decades, leading to the broad array of treatment options available today. These disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) work through distinct mechanisms of action and exhibit varying safety and efficacy profiles to help manage symptoms and reduce exacerbations in MS patients. Our extensive understanding of this condition has also led to novel approaches, such as the discovery of specific biomarkers that allow us to monitor the therapeutic response towards DMTs. The development of new DMTs continues to progress quickly today, and it can be difficult for clinicians to remain up to date on the most recent advancements and new treatment options for their patients. In this comprehensive review, we provide an outline of current MS medications in the pipeline including emerging DMTs and stem cell therapy, as well as the unique characteristics of these medications, including their indications, pharmacokinetic effects, and the relevant advancements.

      Keywords

      Abbreviations:

      MS (Multiple Sclerosis), RRMS (Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis), PPMS (Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis), RIS (Radiologically isolated syndrome), CIS (Clinical isolated syndrome), DMT (Disease modifying therapy), CNS (Central Nervous System), NEDA (no evidence of disease activity), aHSCT (Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation), SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome coronavirus 2), CDP (Confirmed disability progression), MSFC (Multiple sclerosis functional composite), SDMT (symbol digit modalities test), EDDS (Expanded disability status scale), TEAEs (Treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs)), MBP (Myelin basic protein), BTK (Bruton tyrosine kinase), IL (Interleukins), MSQOL-54 (Multiple sclerosis quality of life), ARR (Annualized relapse rate)
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      Article info

      Publication history

      Published online: August 31, 2022
      Accepted: August 16, 2022
      Received in revised form: August 8, 2022
      Received: May 10, 2022

      Identification

      DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2022.104125

      Copyright

      © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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