Highlights
- •The BICAMS Colombia is useful to monitor patient cognitive evolution.
- •Cognitive impairment was found in 50% of the Colombian MS sample.
- •Evidences of criterion validity were found for SDMT and BVMT-R, but not for PAMCL.
- •Test-retest reliability was adequate for all three tests included in the BICAMS.
Abstract
Background: Cognitive impairment has been recognized as an important factor in multiple
sclerosis (MS) in the past few years. One brief, reliable and valid tool to assess
cognition in MS is the BICAMS, which encompasses the Symbol Digit Modalities Test
(SDMT), the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT II), and the Brief Visuospatial
Memory Test - Revised (BVMT-R). Continuing with the international initiative to validate
the BICAMS in different countries, here we present the results obtained from the efforts
in validating such test in the Colombian population. Method: 100 healthy controls
and 50 MS patients participated in the study, group matched for age, education and
gender. Subjects completed all three tests of the BICAMS. Instead of the CVLT-II,
the Colombian validated form PAMCL (Prueba de Aprendizaje y Memoria con Codificación
Libre) was used. Test-retest measures were obtained for 16 patients in order to test
for reliability. Results: Evidence of criterion validity was obtained, MS group performing
significantly worse than HC group in all three tests (SDMT: p= .001, d= 0.59; PAMCL: p= .03, d= 0.38; BVMT-R: p<.001, d= 0.58). Test-retest was also obtained, finding significant correlations for all three
tests (SDMT: r=0.932, p<.00; BVMT-R: r=0.863, p<.001; PAMCL: r=0.889, p<.001). Standardization of raw scores to uncontrolled scaled scores was done and these
scores were then adjusted for age and years of schooling using a multiple linear regression.
Conclusions: The BICAMS proved to be a valid and sensitive tool to screen for cognitive
impairment in MS patients.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: April 14, 2020
Accepted:
March 24,
2020
Received in revised form:
March 21,
2020
Received:
October 24,
2019
Identification
Copyright
© 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
