Highlights
- •Smoking increases respiratory symptoms even in MS patients with a good EDSS scores.
- •Smoking consumption increases perceived severity of dyspnea in MS patients.
- •Smokers with MS reduce daily walking distances and increase daily sedentary time.
- •Respiratory symptoms lead to a further reduction in the functional levels in MS.
Abstract
Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of smoking on respiratory symptoms
and functional levels by questioning use of cigarette in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients.
Methods
A questionnaire was sent via e-mail to the 135 MS patients, who clinically diagnosed
with MS and EDSS score was determined.Perceived dyspnea was assessed by the mMRC scale.The
severity of dyspnea and fatigue perceived during rest and effort was assessed by the
mBORG scale.Functional levels of the patients were assessed by asking the average
daily walking distance and the average sitting time daily.
Results
The mean EDSS score of the smoker and the non-smoker group were 2.85 ± 0.75, 2.96 ± 1.03
respectively(p = 0.48).There was no statistically difference found between groups in terms of age,height,weight,BMI,gender,EDSS
scores(p > 0.05).The rate of cough, sputum and severity of perceived dyspnea was statistically
higher in the smoker group(p < 0.05).The mean walking distance daily of the smokers was statistically lower (p < 0.001).The smoker group had a high level of sedanter lifestyle(p < 0.05).
Conclusion
It has been proven that smoking increases respiratory problems even in MS patients
with a good EDSS score.Moreover, these problems lead to a further reduction in the
functional levels of the patients, in addition to the disease progression.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 17, 2018
Accepted:
August 15,
2018
Received:
March 13,
2018
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
