Highlights
- •Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF) is an immunomodulating treatment in multiple sclerosis.
- •DMF and its active metabolite, Monomethyl Fumarate (MMF) exert their activities at least in part through the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway.
- •The PARK7/DJ-1 protein that acts effector of the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway.
- •The introduction of DMF / MMF in an organism would inadvertedly influence the DJ-1/NRF2 axis.
- •IThe DMF/MMF - DJ-1/NRF2 interaction has not been explored in the setting of MS.
- •In this review, the relevant literature on this putative interaction is summarized in detail.
Abstract
Recent research has outlined that Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF) functions as a gene regulator
via multiple pathways, critical among which is the NRF2 cytoprotective cascade. PARK7/DJ-1
is a multifunctional protein that acts as a redox sensor and effector of multiple
cytoprotective pathways, including NRF2. Specifically, it prevents the association
of NRF2 with its inhibitor KEAP1, allowing NRF2 to enter the nucleus and mediate cytoprotective
and antioxidant cascades. It is our hypothesis that while the NRF2-KEAP1 inhibitory
complex is reported the main pharmacological target for DMF's NRF dependent functions,
no study to date has explored the effects of DMF on DJ-1's expression, and vice-versa,
the possibility of a regulatory inadequacy in the upstream, oxidant-responsive DJ-1
activator of the NRF2 cascade.
Abbreviations:
NRF2 (transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid derived 2)-like2 (NRF2)), KEAP1 (Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived (ECH) associated protein-1), MMF (monomethyl fumarate), DMF (Dimethyl Fumarate), ARE (antioxidant response element), ROS (reactive oxygen species)Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 26, 2018
Accepted:
February 23,
2018
Received in revised form:
November 28,
2017
Received:
October 10,
2017
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
