Highlights
- •The 2015 International Panel for NMOSD diagnosis (IPND) criteria was recently proposed.
- •A total of 104 patients were classified as presenting NMOSD by the 2015 IPND.
- •Compared to the NMO 2006 criteria, 40 new patients (62.5%) were reclassified as NMOSD by the 2015 IPND.
- •The median time to diagnosis reduces to 1 month by 2015 IPND criteria from 18 months by 2006 criteria.
Abstract
Background
The 2015 International Panel for neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disorders (NMOSD)
diagnosis (IPND) criteria was recently proposed. However, because there are no studies
evaluating application of the IPND criteria in Latin American populations, we aimed
to assess whether these new criteria improve the diagnostic rate and reduce the time
taken to make the diagnosis in a cohort of Latin American patients.
Methods
We reviewed medical records and applied both the 2006 and 2015 diagnostic criteria
to all patients seen in four centers in Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela. Patients
with multiple sclerosis (MS, n = 915) or other well-established central nervous system
(CNS) inflammatory diseases were excluded. AQP4-ab status was measured using indirect
immunofluorescence (23%) and cell-based assay (CBA, 77%). In addition, data on gender,
ethnicity, age and symptoms at onset, relapses, neuroimaging and immunosuppressive
therapy were collected.
Results
A total of 104 patients were classified as presenting NMOSD (2015 IPND). Of these,
64 patients (61.5%) fulfilled the 2006 NMO criteria (32 AQP4-ab positive, 17 AQP4-ab
negative and 15 unknown). Thus, 40 new patients (38.5%) were classified as presenting
NMOSD using the 2015 IPND criteria (33 AQP4-ab positive, 5 AQP4-ab negative and 2
unknown AQP4-ab status), with a median time taken to fulfill the 2015 NMOSD criteria
(n = 104) of 1 month (95% CI: 0.6–1.3) and a median time taken to fulfill the 2006
NMO criteria (n = 64) of 18 months (95% CI: 9–26) (log-rank test: p < 0.0001). Females,
with median age of 37 years, white ethnicity and recurrent course, predominated in
all samples. Ninety-nine patients (95.1%) had at least 1 of the 3 major core clinical
characteristics, of which optic neuritis (56.7%) was the most frequent symptom at
disease onset.
Conclusion
This study showed that there was a 62.5% increase in the rate of diagnosing NMOSD
through the 2015 IPND criteria, in comparison with the 2006 NMO criteria, with a shorter
median time to diagnosis.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 06, 2018
Accepted:
January 4,
2018
Received in revised form:
December 14,
2017
Received:
November 15,
2017
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
