Highlights
- •Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is involved in the pathogenesis of MS.
- •EBV DNA generally cannot be detected in central nervous system.
- •EBV may enable the recognition of “forbidden” antigens by memory B cells (Pender's hypothesis).
- •Inefficient EBV episome replication during B cell division results in some descendant B cells becoming EBV-free.
- •Memory B cells in the CNS are mostly EBV-free and can recognize “forbidden” MS-causing antigens in the CNS.
Abstract
Keywords
1. Introduction
2. Search strategy and selection criteria
3. Results
3.1 Antibodies against viruses
3.2 B cells

Brändle, S.M., Obermeier, B., Senel, M., Bruder, J., Mentele, R., Khademi, M., Olsson, T., Tumani, H., Kristoferitsch, W., Lottspeich, F., 2016. Distinct oligoclonal band antibodies in multiple sclerosis recognize ubiquitous self-proteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113(28), 7864–7869.
Lassmann, H., Niedobitek, G., Aloisi, F., Middeldorp, J.M., Group, N.E.W., 2011. Epstein–Barr virus in the multiple sclerosis brain: a controversial issue—report on a focused workshop held in the Centre for Brain Research of the Medical University of Vienna, Austria. Brain. A journal of neurology. 134(9), 2772–2786.
3.3 EBV infected memory B cells
- Silins S.L.
- Sherritt M.A.
- Silleri J.M.
- Cross S.M.
- Elliott S.L.
- Bharadwaj M.
- Le T.T.
- Morrison L.E.
- Khanna R.
- Moss D.J.
3.4 EBV infected memory B cells in the CNS
Lassmann, H., Niedobitek, G., Aloisi, F., Middeldorp, J.M., Group, N.E.W., 2011. Epstein–Barr virus in the multiple sclerosis brain: a controversial issue—report on a focused workshop held in the Centre for Brain Research of the Medical University of Vienna, Austria. Brain. A journal of neurology. 134(9), 2772–2786.
Lassmann, H., Niedobitek, G., Aloisi, F., Middeldorp, J.M., Group, N.E.W., 2011. Epstein–Barr virus in the multiple sclerosis brain: a controversial issue—report on a focused workshop held in the Centre for Brain Research of the Medical University of Vienna, Austria. Brain. A journal of neurology. 134(9), 2772–2786.
- Veroni C.
- Marnetto F.
- Granieri L.
- Bertolotto A.
- Ballerini C.
- Repice A.M.
- Schirru L.
- Coghe G.
- Cocco E.
- Anastasiadou E.
- Silins S.L.
- Sherritt M.A.
- Silleri J.M.
- Cross S.M.
- Elliott S.L.
- Bharadwaj M.
- Le T.T.
- Morrison L.E.
- Khanna R.
- Moss D.J.
3.5 EBV infected memory B cell receptor


Lassmann, H., Niedobitek, G., Aloisi, F., Middeldorp, J.M., Group, N.E.W., 2011. Epstein–Barr virus in the multiple sclerosis brain: a controversial issue—report on a focused workshop held in the Centre for Brain Research of the Medical University of Vienna, Austria. Brain. A journal of neurology. 134(9), 2772–2786.
3.6 EBV reactivation in the mouth
3.7 EBV and host fitness
4. Conclusion
Lassmann, H., Niedobitek, G., Aloisi, F., Middeldorp, J.M., Group, N.E.W., 2011. Epstein–Barr virus in the multiple sclerosis brain: a controversial issue—report on a focused workshop held in the Centre for Brain Research of the Medical University of Vienna, Austria. Brain. A journal of neurology. 134(9), 2772–2786.
Disclosures
Acknowledgments and funding
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